Cannabis: Oral Health Effects
Cannabis is a genus of annual flowering plants found in temperate zones around the world, with a long history of use for industrial, recreational and medicinal purposes. The use of cannabis, particularly marijuana smoking, has been associated with poor quality of oral health. Leukoedema is more common among cannabis users than non-users but it is unclear whether associated irritants, such as orally inhaled smoke, rather than cannabis itself, may be contributing causes. Smoking marijuana is associated with gingival enlargement, erythroplakia and chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa with hyperkeratosis and leukoplakia, sometimes referred to as “cannabis stomatitis,” which can develop into malignant neoplasias.
Dental Care Implication with Cannabis
If the patient appears to be a cannabis user, it may be helpful to understand whether the use is medicinal, as this may suggest relevant comorbidities. Verification of cannabis use may be an opportunity to discuss other health consequences and inform the patient of the importance of fluoride, good oral hygiene practices, and healthy snacking.
When dental health care providers suspect cannabis use, recommendations for patient care include:
- Completing a comprehensive oral examination and including questions about cannabis use in a thorough dental and medical history.
- Emphasizing the importance of regular dental visits and oral care.
- Encouraging healthy, nutritious snacks over sweet, cariogenic snacks.
- Considering employing preventive measures, such as topical fluorides.
- Considering treatment for xerostomia, if necessary, while avoiding alcohol-containing products.
- Keeping advised of current changes in applicable laws on recreational or medicinal cannabis.